A recent U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) study of six bedrock aquifers in the Black Hills reveals a troubling trend: water sources are not recharging fast enough to keep pace with the region’s growing population.
The most significant shortages were found in aquifers serving the fastest-growing corridor—stretching from Box Elder through Rapid City and Summerset, east to Sturgis—where demand is outpacing natural replenishment.
While a 2019 study by South Dakota Mines warned of potential water shortages during drought conditions, the new USGS report shows that deficits are occurring even in non-drought periods, raising concerns about long-term sustainability.
The findings add urgency to the proposed 161-mile pipeline project that would bring water from the Missouri River to dozens of communities across western South Dakota. The estimated $2 billion project is currently under study and could take two decades or more to complete, even with full funding.
The pipeline has received over $10 million in state and federal funding for feasibility studies, which are now underway. It also has the backing of a newly formed nonprofit organization and the South Dakota congressional delegation.
As population growth continues and aquifer levels decline, officials say long-term infrastructure planning will be critical to securing water access for future generations.
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