CUSTER, S.D. – Indigenous leaders from across the United States and Canada are gathering in the Black Hills this week to celebrate the anniversary of the Buffalo Treaty and continue efforts to restore buffalo herds across tribal lands.
The treaty was first signed in 2014 by eight Indigenous nations in Montana and is considered the first cross-border agreement among tribes and First Nations in more than a century. The treaty promotes the restoration of buffalo to the land, Indigenous cultures, and traditional ways of life.
Organizers say hosting this year’s gathering in the Black Hills, or He Sapa, carries deep cultural and spiritual significance. Events began at Wind Cave National Park, where participants heard creation stories and discussed the historical connection between buffalo and Indigenous peoples.
Tribal leaders say buffalo restoration efforts continue to grow, with many tribes expanding their herds and collaborating on conservation initiatives. Beyond their cultural importance, buffalo have long provided food, clothing, and other necessities for Native communities.
The week-long gathering will conclude with a Buffalo Treaty signing ceremony at Crazy Horse Memorial on October 22nd, where new tribes and First Nations are expected to join the agreement, and current members will renew their commitment to buffalo restoration.
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